Cross-Border Data Protection Through Collective Litigation: A EU Legal Maze? journal article Alexia Pato, Elena Rodríguez-Pineau European Data Protection Law Review, Volume 7 (2021), Issue 4, Page 550 - 559 Cross-border data protection can be strengthened through collective instruments favouring private enforcement. In this regard, article 80 GDPR set an important milestone—albeit limited to representative actions. New Directive (EU) 2020/1828 on collective actions for consumer protection provides another mechanism by including data protection within its scope. While such regulatory intersection may enhance private enforcement, the outcome is not particularly user-friendly, since those texts might overlap or be mutually exclusive, also requiring the implementation of other rules such as Regulation (EU) 1215/2012. Keywords: Cross-Border Data Protection | Collective Litigation | European Union