The author works at DG JUST, European Commission and is a former Chairperson of the Working Party on Information Exchange and Data Protection (DAPIX) of the Council of the European Union.The information and views set out in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Commission. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in this article lies entirely with the author. For correspondence <dciliberti@gmail.com>.