Aaron Fluitt is a Privacy Law Fellow at the Institute for Technology Law & Policy at Georgetown University. For correspondence: <mailto:jaf294@georgetown.edu>. Aloni Cohen is a Postdoctoral Associate at the Hariri Institute for Computing and Computational Science and Engineering at Boston University and the Boston University School of Law: <mailto:aloni@bu.edu>. Micah Altman is Director of Research at the Center for Research in Equitable and Open Scholarship at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. For correspondence: <mailto:escience@mit.edu>. Kobbi Nissim is a McDevitt Chair in Computer Science at Georgetown University and affiliated with Georgetown University Law Center and Ethics Lab. For correspondence: <mailto:kobbi.nissim@georgetown.edu>. Salome Viljoen is a Joint Research Fellow at the Digital Life Initiative at Cornell Tech and the Information Law Institute at NYU Law. For correspondence: <mailto:sviljoen@cyber.harvard.edu>. Alexandra Wood is a Fellow at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. For correspondence: <mailto:awood@cyber.harvard.edu>.The authors describe contributions to this Essay using a taxonomy from Liz Allen et al, Publishing: Credit Where Credit Is Due, 508 Nature 312 (2014). MA, KN, and AW provided the core formulation of the Essay’s goals and aims; and AF and AC led the writing. All authors contributed through commentary, review, editing, and revision. The authors wish to thank Salil Vadhan, Elisabeth Perlman, Aaron Bembenek, and the members of the Privacy Tools Project and the Bridging Privacy Definitions Working Group for their thoughtful comments.This material is based upon research supported by the Alfred P Sloan Foundation and the US Census Bureau under cooperative agreement no CB16ADR0160001. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the Alfred P Sloan Foundation or the US Census Bureau.